Buffalo LS-WVL

• LS-WVL 安裝 Debian12
• LS-WVL Debian 安裝後選項
• LS-WVL Linux使用LSUpdater更新
• LS-WVL 使用NUT (Network UPS Tools)監控UPS
• LS-WVL 透過Synology排程使用SMART抓取硬碟資訊

LS-WVL 安裝 Debian12

下載檔案

• initrd.buffalo
• uImage.buffalo
• acp_commander.jar

1.acp_commander安裝

準備一台已經運行原廠Buffalo的LS WVL設備

將initrd.buffalo和uImage.buffalo複製到acp_commander.jar同目錄

運行指令尋找設備IP

java -jar acp_commander.jar -f

複製安裝檔到設備

java -jar acp_commander.jar -t <device ip address> -pw <your admin password> -xfer initrd.buffalo -xferto /boot/
java -jar acp_commander.jar -t <device ip address> -pw <your admin password> -xfer uImage.buffalo -xferto /boot/

重啟設備

java -jar acp_commander.jar -t <device ip address> -pw <your admin password> -c reboot

2.分區安裝

將硬碟插入Linux後分區丟入安裝檔

$parted /dev/sdb

(parted) mklabel gpt

(parted) mkpart boot 2048s 1024MiB

(parted) mkpart root 1024MiB 6144MiB

(parted)quit

$mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1

$mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt

將檔案放入/mnt

$umount /mnt

將硬碟放入NAS第一盤位

開始安裝

找尋設備IP後SSH進入安裝，使用者名稱是installer，密碼是install

 ssh installer@IP

建立RAID 1

兩顆硬碟分別建立分區1(RIAD)分區2(RAID)分區3 SWAP

進入SoftRAID選項後，開新視窗進入shell

第一分區為/boot 需要metadata=0.90才能啟動

# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 \
--metadata=0 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1

第二分區使用GUI建立即可

RAID1 #1 檔案類型ext3 掛載/boot

RAID1 #2 檔案類型ext4 掛載/

SWAP不用做RAID 1

調低其餘RAID重建速度避免影響Debian安裝

# echo 100 > /sys/block/md{1,2,3}/md/sync_speed_max

重啟後即恢復

 

mdadm預設會於每個月的第一個星期日 01:00做 array scrubbing 檢查

jason@LS-WVL885:~$ cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/mdcheck_start.timer
[Unit]
Description=MD array scrubbing

[Timer]
OnCalendar=Sun *-*-1..7 1:00:00

[Install]
WantedBy= mdmonitor.service
Also= mdcheck_continue.timer

使用此項目安裝https://github.com/1000001101000/Debian_on_Buffalo

LS-WVL Debian 安裝後選項

Triggerhappy 按鈕

apt install triggerhappy

監聽按鈕

thd --dump /dev/input/event*   

建立關機功能

echo "SW_LID 0 poweroff" > /etc/triggerhappy/triggers.d/gpf.conf

修改/lib/systemd/system/triggerhappy.service，把ExecStart user的nobody改成root，不然無權限執行poweroff

ExecStart=/usr/sbin/thd --triggers /etc/triggerhappy/triggers.d/ --socket /run/thd.socket --user root --deviceglob /dev/input/event*

重啟加載配置

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart triggerhappy

即可按鈕實現關機

風扇控制

風扇狀態/sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0/cur_state

CPU溫度/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp

安裝smartmontools

apt install smartmontools

硬碟溫度/usr/sbin/smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sda | grep -m 1 Temperature | awk '{print $10}'

風扇自動化腳本

#!/bin/bash
timestamp=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
# CPU溫度
cpu_temp=$(< /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp)
cpu_temp=$(( cpu_temp / 1000 ))

# 硬碟溫度
hdd_temp=$(/usr/sbin/smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sda | grep -m 1 Temperature | awk '{print $10}')

echo "[$timestamp] CPU Temperature: ${cpu_temp}C"
echo "[$timestamp] HDD Temperature: ${hdd_temp}C"

# cpu偵測
if [ "$cpu_temp" -gt 60 ]; then
    echo 0 > /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0/cur_state
elif [ "$cpu_temp" -gt 55 ]; then
    echo 1 > /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0/cur_state
elif [ "$cpu_temp" -gt 50 ]; then
    echo 2 > /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0/cur_state
elif [ "$cpu_temp" -lt 50 ]; then
    echo 3 > /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0/cur_state
fi

# HDD溫度偵測
if [ "$hdd_temp" -gt 45 ]; then
    echo 0 > /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0/cur_state
elif [ "$hdd_temp" -gt 40 ]; then
    echo 1 > /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0/cur_state
elif [ "$hdd_temp" -gt 35 ]; then
    echo 2 > /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0/cur_state
elif [ "$hdd_temp" -lt 35 ]; then
    echo 3 > /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0/cur_state
fi
# 風扇狀態偵測
fan_state=$(< /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0/cur_state)
echo "[$timestamp] FAN_State : ${fan_state}"

root@LS-WVL885:~# bash temp.sh 
[2025-08-23 11:47:00] CPU Temperature: 55C
[2025-08-23 11:47:00] HDD Temperature: 37C
[2025-08-23 11:47:00] FAN_State : 2

#狀態
0 高速
1 中速
2 低速
3 停止

使用CRONTAB每分鐘執行腳本並寫入LOG

* * * * * /bin/bash /root/temp.sh >> /root/temp.log 2>&1

 

LED控制

關閉LED藍燈echo 0 > /sys/class/leds/linkstation\:blue\:power/brightness

開啟LED藍燈echo 1 > /sys/class/leds/linkstation\:blue\:power/brightness

LS-WVL Linux使用LSUpdater更新

LSUpdater為windows軟體，要在Linux使用需安裝wine和x11轉發

LSUpdater為32位元，需載入i386多重架構

dpkg --add-architecture i386 
apt update 
apt install wine32:i386

root@x11:~# dpkg --print-foreign-architectures
i386

wine LSUpdater.exe 

x11即可跳出視窗程式

若wine有錯誤則重置設定

rm -rf ~/.wine
winecfg

移除i386架構

apt remove `dpkg --get-selections |grep :i386 |awk '{print $1}'` --allow-remove-essential -f

dpkg --remove-architecture i386

dpkg --print-foreign-architectures 無顯示i386

 

 

 

LS-WVL 使用NUT (Network UPS Tools)監控UPS

運行環境

• LS-WVL刷Debian 12

安裝套件

apt install -y nut

設定

編輯/etc/nut/nut.conf ，修改MODE=netclient，確認權限為root nut

none: Nut 未設定
standalone: 獨立模式, 一般在只有一個 UPS 且只負責本地系統(不提供網路服務)的情況下使用.
netserver:  Nut Server.
netclient: 客戶端模式, 只啟動 nut-monitor, 用於連接遠端的 Nut 服務.

root@LS-WVL885:~# cat /etc/nut/nut.conf 
...
MODE=netclient

編輯/etc/nut/upsmon.conf，以下範例為當UPS切換到電池後執行upssched調度程序，，確認權限為root nut

#監控的UPS IP 使用者及密碼，模式為slave
MONITOR ups@192.168.1.1 1 monuser secret slave

#系統最少需要多少台 UPS ，通常單一 UPS 系統設1
MINSUPPLIES 1

#偵測到要關機（如 UPS 電池低、FSD）時，upsmon 執行的指令
SHUTDOWNCMD "/sbin/shutdown -h +0"

#每幾秒輪詢 UPS 狀態
POLLFREQ 5

#在告警（例如 ONBATT）時，每幾秒檢查一次
POLLFREQALERT 5

HOSTSYNC 15
#若 15 秒都收不到 UPS 更新資料，就認為 UPS 通訊掛掉
DEADTIME 15

#當系統真的要「切電源」時，會建立這個旗標檔，UPS daemon 看到它後會通知 UPS 關閉輸出電源。
POWERDOWNFLAG /etc/killpower

RBWARNTIME 43200

#若 300 秒都沒有收到 UPS 通訊，就發出「通訊中斷」通知
NOCOMMWARNTIME 300

#關機流程最後等待的秒數
FINALDELAY 5

#NUT自帶調度程序
NOTIFYCMD /sbin/upssched

#UPS切換電池和恢復供電時皆觸發調度程序
NOTIFYFLAG ONBATT EXEC
NOTIFYFLAG ONLINE EXEC

#UPS無回應或恢復觸發調度程序
NOTIFYFLAG COMMOK EXEC
NOTIFYFLAG NOCOMM EXEC

upssched程序的設定檔為/etc/nut/upssched.conf，編輯並確認權限為root nut

#自訂執行腳本位置
CMDSCRIPT /bin/upssched-cmd

#確認以下路徑正確
PIPEFN /var/run/nut/upssched.pipe
LOCKFN /var/run/nut/upssched.lock

#當UPS狀態切換後執行參數
AT ONBATT * EXECUTE onbatt
AT ONLINE * EXECUTE onpower
AT NOCOMM * EXECUTE lost
AT COMMOK * EXECUTE connect

#當UPS切換電池後創建shutdown計時器120秒
AT ONBATT * START-TIMER shutdown 120

#當UPS恢復供電後取消計時器
AT ONLINE * CANCEL-TIMER shutdown

編輯/bin/upssched-cmd，確認權限為root nut和可執行chmod +x，當切換電池後記錄log並啟動shutdown計時器，120秒UPS未恢復供電則關機

#! /bin/sh
case $1 in
  shutdown)
    echo "$(date): AC Power not restored after 120s, shutting down system." >> /var/log/ups-shutdown.log
    sleep 3
    sudo /sbin/shutdown -h +0
    ;;
  onbatt)
    echo "$(date): AC Power outage, on battery" >> /var/log/ups-shutdown.log 
    ;;
  onpower)
    echo "$(date): AC Power restored" >> /var/log/ups-shutdown.log                                    
    ;; 
  connect)
    echo "$(date): Communications with UPS established" >> /var/log/ups-shutdown.log                                    
    ;;
  lost)
    echo "$(date): Communications with UPS lost" >> /var/log/ups-shutdown.log                                    
    ;;
  *)
    logger -t upssched-cmd "Unrecognized command: $1"
    ;;
esac

使用visudo，加入nut使用者允許使用shutdown指令 

root@LS-WVL885:~# visudo 

...
nut ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /sbin/shutdown

建立nut程序可寫入log檔

touch /var/log/ups-shutdown.log

chown root:nut /var/log/ups-shutdown.log

chmod 664 /var/log/ups-shutdown.log

systemctl enable nut-monitor

systemctl start nut-monitor

測試

測試可讀取UPS狀態

root@LS-WVL885:~# upsc ups@192.168.1.1
Init SSL without certificate database
battery.charge: 96
battery.charge.low: 10
battery.charge.warning: 50
battery.date: 2001/09/25
battery.mfr.date: 2023/08/10
battery.runtime: 2636
ups.status: OL CHRG
ups.test.result: No test initiated
ups.timer.reboot: 0
ups.timer.shutdown: -1
ups.vendorid: 051d

測試UPS切換電池，120秒內未恢復供電則會關機和紀錄log

root@LS-WVL885:~# cat /var/log/ups-shutdown.log
Mon Sep  1 01:11:06 AM CST 2025: AC not restored after 120s, shutting down system.
Mon Oct 20 01:14:56 AM CST 2025: AC Power outage, on battery
Mon Oct 20 01:15:11 AM CST 2025: AC Power restored

UPS無回應和恢復時紀錄log

root@test:~# cat /var/log/ups-shutdown.log
Sun Nov 16 04:52:15 PM CST 2025: Communications with UPS lost
Sun Nov 16 04:52:25 PM CST 2025: Communications with UPS established

 

LS-WVL 透過Synology排程使用SMART抓取硬碟資訊

由於不想在LS Debian內直接寄送mail，使用synology內建任務排程登入LS Debian後執行創建好的讀取硬碟bash檔並寄送mail

LS-WVL設定

下載S.M.A.R.T.(硬碟監控)和mdadm(RAID 管理工具)

apt install smartmontools mdadm -y

在使用者資料夾內新增執行檔案，以下範例為輸出RAID狀態和硬碟資訊

root@LS-WVL885:~# cat /home/user/raid_check.sh
#!/bin/bash
timestamp=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

md0_state=$(sudo /usr/sbin/mdadm -D /dev/md0 |grep -e "Raid Level" -e "State :" -e "Active Devices" -e "Working Devices" -e "Failed Devices")
md1_state=$(sudo /usr/sbin/mdadm -D /dev/md1 |grep -e "Raid Level" -e "State :" -e "Active Devices" -e "Working Devices" -e "Failed Devices")
echo "Device : /dev/md0"
echo "${md0_state}"
echo " "
echo "Device : /dev/md1"
echo "${md1_state}"
echo " "
cat /proc/mdstat
echo " "
echo "Hard Disk : /dev/sda"
sudo /usr/sbin/smartctl -H -l selftest /dev/sda
echo "Hard Disk : /dev/sdb"
sudo /usr/sbin/smartctl -H -l selftest /dev/sdb

執行visudo增加使用者允許執行mdadm和smartctl指令

root@LS-WVL885:~# visudo  
...
user ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/mdadm -D *, /usr/sbin/smartctl -H * ,/usr/sbin/smartctl -l *

chmod +x /home/user/raid_check.sh

確認user使用者可執行

user@LS-WVL885:~$ sh raid_check.sh
Device : /dev/md0
        Raid Level : raid1
             State : clean 
    Active Devices : 2
   Working Devices : 2
    Failed Devices : 0
 
Device : /dev/md1
        Raid Level : raid1
             State : clean 
    Active Devices : 2
   Working Devices : 2
    Failed Devices : 0
...
Hard Disk : /dev/sda
smartctl 7.3 2022-02-28 r5338 [armv5tel-linux-6.1.0-38-marvell] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-22, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
Please note the following marginal Attributes:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   059   041   045    Old_age   Always   In_the_past 41 (Min/Max 40/41 #7471)

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed without error       00%     45817         -
...

Synology設定

先設定SSH KEY 免密碼登入確認synology可直接ssh登入LS WVL

任務排程內新增任務並使用自訂指令並寄送mail

ssh user@192.168.1.1 "sh /home/user/raid_check.sh"