-c reboot
```
##### **2.分區安裝**
**將硬碟插入Linux後分區丟入安裝檔**
```
$parted /dev/sdb
(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) mkpart boot 2048s 1024MiB
(parted) mkpart root 1024MiB 6144MiB
(parted)quit
```
```
$mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
$mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt
將檔案放入/mnt
$umount /mnt
```
**將硬碟放入NAS第一盤位**
##### **開始安裝**
**找尋設備IP後SSH進入安裝，使用者名稱是installer，密碼是install**
```
ssh installer@IP
```
##### **建立RAID 1**
**兩顆硬碟分別建立分區1(RIAD)分區2(RAID)分區3 SWAP**
**進入SoftRAID選項後，開新視窗進入shell**
**第一分區為/boot 需要*metadata=0.90才能*啟動**
```
# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 \
--metadata=0 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1
```
**第二分區使用GUI建立即可**
**RAID1 #1 檔案類型ext3 掛載/boot**
**RAID1 #2 檔案類型ext4 掛載/**
**SWAP不用做RAID 1**
**調低其餘RAID重建速度避免影響Debian安裝**
```
# echo 100 > /sys/block/md{1,2,3}/md/sync_speed_max
```
**重啟後即恢復**
**mdadm預設會於每個月的第一個星期日 01:00做 array scrubbing 檢查**
```
jason@LS-WVL885:~$ cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/mdcheck_start.timer
[Unit]
Description=MD array scrubbing
[Timer]
OnCalendar=Sun *-*-1..7 1:00:00
[Install]
WantedBy= mdmonitor.service
Also= mdcheck_continue.timer
```
**使用此項目安裝[https://github.com/1000001101000/Debian\_on\_Buffalo](https://github.com/1000001101000/Debian_on_Buffalo)**
# LS-WVL Debian 安裝後選項
##### **Triggerhappy 按鈕**
```
apt install triggerhappy
```
**監聽按鈕**
```
thd --dump /dev/input/event*
```
**建立關機功能**
```
echo "SW_LID 0 poweroff" > /etc/triggerhappy/triggers.d/gpf.conf
```
**修改`/lib/systemd/system/triggerhappy.service`，把ExecStart user的nobody改成root，不然無權限執行poweroff**
```
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/thd --triggers /etc/triggerhappy/triggers.d/ --socket /run/thd.socket --user root --deviceglob /dev/input/event*
```
**重啟加載配置**
```
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart triggerhappy
```
**即可按鈕實現關機**
##### **風扇控制**
**風扇狀態`/sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0/cur_state`**
**CPU溫度`/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp`**
**安裝`smartmontools`**
```
apt install smartmontools
```
**硬碟溫度`/usr/sbin/smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sda | grep -m 1 Temperature | awk '{print $10}'`**
**風扇自動化腳本**
```
#!/bin/bash
timestamp=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
# CPU溫度
cpu_temp=$(< /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp)
cpu_temp=$(( cpu_temp / 1000 ))
# 硬碟溫度
hdd_temp=$(/usr/sbin/smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sda | grep -m 1 Temperature | awk '{print $10}')
echo "[$timestamp] CPU Temperature: ${cpu_temp}C"
echo "[$timestamp] HDD Temperature: ${hdd_temp}C"
# cpu偵測
if [ "$cpu_temp" -gt 60 ]; then
echo 0 > /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0/cur_state
elif [ "$cpu_temp" -gt 55 ]; then
echo 1 > /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0/cur_state
elif [ "$cpu_temp" -gt 50 ]; then
echo 2 > /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0/cur_state
elif [ "$cpu_temp" -lt 50 ]; then
echo 3 > /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0/cur_state
fi
# HDD溫度偵測
if [ "$hdd_temp" -gt 45 ]; then
echo 0 > /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0/cur_state
elif [ "$hdd_temp" -gt 40 ]; then
echo 1 > /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0/cur_state
elif [ "$hdd_temp" -gt 35 ]; then
echo 2 > /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0/cur_state
elif [ "$hdd_temp" -lt 35 ]; then
echo 3 > /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0/cur_state
fi
# 風扇狀態偵測
fan_state=$(< /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0/cur_state)
echo "[$timestamp] FAN_State : ${fan_state}"
```
```
root@LS-WVL885:~# bash temp.sh
[2025-08-23 11:47:00] CPU Temperature: 55C
[2025-08-23 11:47:00] HDD Temperature: 37C
[2025-08-23 11:47:00] FAN_State : 2
#狀態
0 高速
1 中速
2 低速
3 停止
```
**使用CRONTAB每分鐘執行腳本並寫入LOG**
```
* * * * * /bin/bash /root/temp.sh >> /root/temp.log 2>&1
```
##### **LED控制**
**關閉LED藍燈`echo 0 > /sys/class/leds/linkstation\:blue\:power/brightness`**
**開啟LED藍燈`echo 1 > /sys/class/leds/linkstation\:blue\:power/brightness`**
# LS-WVL Linux使用LSUpdater更新
**LSUpdater為windows軟體，要在Linux使用需安裝wine和[x11轉發](https://note.homesitetw.com/books/linux/page/linux-x11-forwarding)**
[**LSUpdater**](https://buffaloamericas.com/support/downloads/linkstation-pro-duo-lswv)為32位元，需載入i386多重架構
```
dpkg --add-architecture i386
apt update
apt install wine32:i386
```
```
root@x11:~# dpkg --print-foreign-architectures
i386
```
```
wine LSUpdater.exe
```
**x11即可跳出視窗程式**
**若wine有錯誤則重置設定**
```
rm -rf ~/.wine
winecfg
```
**移除i386架構**
```
apt remove `dpkg --get-selections |grep :i386 |awk '{print $1}'` --allow-remove-essential -f
dpkg --remove-architecture i386
dpkg --print-foreign-architectures 無顯示i386
```
# LS-WVL 使用NUT (Network UPS Tools)監控UPS
##### **運行環境**
- **LS-WVL刷Debian 12**
##### **安裝套件**
```
apt install -y nut
```
##### **設定**
**編輯`/etc/nut/nut.conf `，修改MODE=netclient，確認權限為root nut**
**none: Nut 未設定**
**standalone: 獨立模式, 一般在只有一個 UPS 且只負責本地系統(不提供網路服務)的情況下使用.**
**netserver: Nut Server.**
**netclient: 客戶端模式, 只啟動 nut-monitor, 用於連接遠端的 Nut 服務.**
```
root@LS-WVL885:~# cat /etc/nut/nut.conf
...
MODE=netclient
```
**編輯`/etc/nut/upsmon.conf`，以下範例為當UPS切換到電池後執行upssched調度程序，，確認權限為root nut**
```
#監控的UPS IP 使用者及密碼，模式為slave
MONITOR ups@192.168.1.1 1 monuser secret slave
#系統最少需要多少台 UPS ，通常單一 UPS 系統設1
MINSUPPLIES 1
#偵測到要關機（如 UPS 電池低、FSD）時，upsmon 執行的指令
SHUTDOWNCMD "/sbin/shutdown -h +0"
#每幾秒輪詢 UPS 狀態
POLLFREQ 5
#在告警（例如 ONBATT）時，每幾秒檢查一次
POLLFREQALERT 5
HOSTSYNC 15
#若 15 秒都收不到 UPS 更新資料，就認為 UPS 通訊掛掉
DEADTIME 15
#當系統真的要「切電源」時，會建立這個旗標檔，UPS daemon 看到它後會通知 UPS 關閉輸出電源。
POWERDOWNFLAG /etc/killpower
RBWARNTIME 43200
#若 300 秒都沒有收到 UPS 通訊，就發出「通訊中斷」通知
NOCOMMWARNTIME 300
#關機流程最後等待的秒數
FINALDELAY 5
#NUT自帶調度程序
NOTIFYCMD /sbin/upssched
#UPS切換電池和恢復供電時皆觸發調度程序
NOTIFYFLAG ONBATT EXEC
NOTIFYFLAG ONLINE EXEC
#UPS無回應或恢復觸發調度程序
NOTIFYFLAG COMMOK EXEC
NOTIFYFLAG NOCOMM EXEC
```
**upssched程序的設定檔為`/etc/nut/upssched.conf`，編輯並確認權限為root nut**
```
#自訂執行腳本位置
CMDSCRIPT /bin/upssched-cmd
#確認以下路徑正確
PIPEFN /var/run/nut/upssched.pipe
LOCKFN /var/run/nut/upssched.lock
#當UPS狀態切換後執行參數
AT ONBATT * EXECUTE onbatt
AT ONLINE * EXECUTE onpower
AT NOCOMM * EXECUTE lost
AT COMMOK * EXECUTE connect
#當UPS切換電池後創建shutdown計時器120秒
AT ONBATT * START-TIMER shutdown 120
#當UPS恢復供電後取消計時器
AT ONLINE * CANCEL-TIMER shutdown
```
**編輯`/bin/upssched-cmd`，確認權限為root nut和可執行`chmod +x`，當切換電池後記錄log並啟動shutdown計時器，120秒UPS未恢復供電則關機**
```
#! /bin/sh
case $1 in
shutdown)
echo "$(date): AC Power not restored after 120s, shutting down system." >> /var/log/ups-shutdown.log
sleep 3
sudo /sbin/shutdown -h +0
;;
onbatt)
echo "$(date): AC Power outage, on battery" >> /var/log/ups-shutdown.log
;;
onpower)
echo "$(date): AC Power restored" >> /var/log/ups-shutdown.log
;;
connect)
echo "$(date): Communications with UPS established" >> /var/log/ups-shutdown.log
;;
lost)
echo "$(date): Communications with UPS lost" >> /var/log/ups-shutdown.log
;;
*)
logger -t upssched-cmd "Unrecognized command: $1"
;;
esac
```
**使用`visudo`，加入nut使用者允許使用shutdown指令**
```
root@LS-WVL885:~# visudo
...
nut ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /sbin/shutdown
```
**建立nut程序可寫入log檔**
```
touch /var/log/ups-shutdown.log
chown root:nut /var/log/ups-shutdown.log
chmod 664 /var/log/ups-shutdown.log
```
```
systemctl enable nut-monitor
systemctl start nut-monitor
```
##### **測試**
**測試可讀取UPS狀態**
```
root@LS-WVL885:~# upsc ups@192.168.1.1
Init SSL without certificate database
battery.charge: 96
battery.charge.low: 10
battery.charge.warning: 50
battery.date: 2001/09/25
battery.mfr.date: 2023/08/10
battery.runtime: 2636
ups.status: OL CHRG
ups.test.result: No test initiated
ups.timer.reboot: 0
ups.timer.shutdown: -1
ups.vendorid: 051d
```
**測試UPS切換電池，120秒內未恢復供電則會關機和紀錄log**
```
root@LS-WVL885:~# cat /var/log/ups-shutdown.log
Mon Sep 1 01:11:06 AM CST 2025: AC not restored after 120s, shutting down system.
Mon Oct 20 01:14:56 AM CST 2025: AC Power outage, on battery
Mon Oct 20 01:15:11 AM CST 2025: AC Power restored
```
**UPS無回應和恢復時紀錄log**
```
root@test:~# cat /var/log/ups-shutdown.log
Sun Nov 16 04:52:15 PM CST 2025: Communications with UPS lost
Sun Nov 16 04:52:25 PM CST 2025: Communications with UPS established
```
# LS-WVL 透過Synology排程使用SMART抓取硬碟資訊
**由於不想在LS Debian內直接寄送mail，使用synology內建任務排程登入LS Debian後執行創建好的讀取硬碟bash檔並寄送mail**
##### **LS-WVL設定**
**下載S.M.A.R.T.(硬碟監控)和mdadm(RAID 管理工具)**
```
apt install smartmontools mdadm -y
```
**在使用者資料夾內新增執行檔案，以下範例為輸出RAID狀態和硬碟資訊**
```
root@LS-WVL885:~# cat /home/user/raid_check.sh
#!/bin/bash
timestamp=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
md0_state=$(sudo /usr/sbin/mdadm -D /dev/md0 |grep -e "Raid Level" -e "State :" -e "Active Devices" -e "Working Devices" -e "Failed Devices")
md1_state=$(sudo /usr/sbin/mdadm -D /dev/md1 |grep -e "Raid Level" -e "State :" -e "Active Devices" -e "Working Devices" -e "Failed Devices")
echo "Device : /dev/md0"
echo "${md0_state}"
echo " "
echo "Device : /dev/md1"
echo "${md1_state}"
echo " "
cat /proc/mdstat
echo " "
echo "Hard Disk : /dev/sda"
sudo /usr/sbin/smartctl -H -l selftest /dev/sda
echo "Hard Disk : /dev/sdb"
sudo /usr/sbin/smartctl -H -l selftest /dev/sdb
```
**執行`visudo`增加使用者允許執行mdadm和smartctl指令**
```
root@LS-WVL885:~# visudo
...
user ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/mdadm -D *, /usr/sbin/smartctl -H * ,/usr/sbin/smartctl -l *
```
```
chmod +x /home/user/raid_check.sh
```
**確認user使用者可執行**
```
user@LS-WVL885:~$ sh raid_check.sh
Device : /dev/md0
Raid Level : raid1
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Device : /dev/md1
Raid Level : raid1
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
...
Hard Disk : /dev/sda
smartctl 7.3 2022-02-28 r5338 [armv5tel-linux-6.1.0-38-marvell] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-22, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
Please note the following marginal Attributes:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 059 041 045 Old_age Always In_the_past 41 (Min/Max 40/41 #7471)
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 45817 -
...
```
##### **Synology設定**
**先設定[SSH KEY 免密碼登入](https://note.homesitetw.com/books/linux/page/linux-ssh-key)確認synology可直接ssh登入LS WVL**
**任務排程內新增任務並使用自訂指令並寄送mail**
```
ssh user@192.168.1.1 "sh /home/user/raid_check.sh"
```
[](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/TeGimage.png)