# LibreNMS LibreNMS監控系統 # LibreNMS架設 LibreNMS架設 # LibreNMS架設 - Debian 12 #### **運行環境** - PVE - LXC - Debian 12 #### **安裝nginx mariadb php** ``` apt update ``` ``` apt install php-mbstring php-cli php-common php-curl php-fpm php-gd php-mbstring php-mysql php-opcache php-readline php-snmp php-xml php-zip acl curl fping git graphviz imagemagick mariadb-client mariadb-server mtr-tiny nginx-full nmap rrdtool snmp snmpd whois unzip python3-pymysql python3-dotenv python3-redis python3-setuptools python3-systemd python3-pip -y ``` #### **安裝 Composer** ``` cd /usr/local/bin curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php mv composer.phar composer ``` #### **新增使用者** ``` useradd librenms -d /opt/librenms -M -r -s "$(which bash)" ``` #### **下載LibreNMS** ``` cd /opt && \ git clone https://github.com/librenms/librenms.git ``` #### **設定權限** ``` chown -R librenms:librenms /opt/librenms && \ chmod 771 /opt/librenms && \ setfacl -d -m g::rwx /opt/librenms/rrd /opt/librenms/logs /opt/librenms/bootstrap/cache/ /opt/librenms/storage/ && \ setfacl -R -m g::rwx /opt/librenms/rrd /opt/librenms/logs /opt/librenms/bootstrap/cache/ /opt/librenms/storage/ ``` #### **安裝 LibreNMS和套件** ``` su librenms cd /opt/librenms/ ./scripts/composer_wrapper.php install --no-dev exit pip3 install --user --break-system-packages -r /opt/librenms/requirements.txt ``` #### **修改PHP時區** ``` sed -i "s|^;date.timezone =.*$|date.timezone = Asia/Taipei|" /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini sed -i "s|^;date.timezone =.*$|date.timezone = Asia/Taipei|" /etc/php/8.2/cli/php.ini 系統設定時區 timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Taipei ``` #### **設定 PHP-FPM** ``` cp /etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf /etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/librenms.conf nano /etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/librenms.conf ``` ``` Change [www] to [librenms]: [librenms] Change user and group to “librenms”: user = librenms group = librenms Change listen to a unique name: listen = /run/php-fpm-librenms.sock ``` ``` systemctl enable php8.2-fpm systemctl restart php8.2-fpm ``` #### **設定MariaDB** **編輯`/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf`** ``` [mysqld]底下新增 innodb_file_per_table=1 lower_case_table_names=0 ``` ``` systemctl enable mariadb systemctl restart mariadb ``` #### **MariaDB新增使用者** ``` mysql -u root CREATE DATABASE librenms CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci; CREATE USER 'librenmsuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'librenmspswd'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON librenms.* TO 'librenmsuser'@'localhost'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; exit ``` #### **設定Nginx** **建立`/etc/nginx/conf.d/librenms.conf`** ``` server { listen 80; server_name librenms.example.com; root /opt/librenms/html; index index.php; charset utf-8; gzip on; gzip_types text/css application/javascript text/javascript application/x-javascript image/svg+xml text/plain text/xsd text/xsl text/xml image/x-icon; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string; } location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$) { fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm-librenms.sock; fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$; include fastcgi_params; } location ~ /\.(?!well-known).* { deny all; } } ``` ``` rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default rm /etc/nginx/sites-available/default systemctl enable nginx systemctl restart nginx ``` #### **Enable lnms command completion** ``` ln -s /opt/librenms/lnms /usr/bin/lnms cp /opt/librenms/misc/lnms-completion.bash /etc/bash_completion.d/ ``` #### **Configure snmpd** ``` cp /opt/librenms/snmpd.conf.example /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf curl -o /usr/bin/distro https://raw.githubusercontent.com/librenms/librenms-agent/master/snmp/distro chmod +x /usr/bin/distro systemctl enable snmpd systemctl restart snmpd ``` #### **設定排成** ``` cp /opt/librenms/dist/librenms.cron /etc/cron.d/librenms ``` #### **啟用調度程式** ``` cp /opt/librenms/dist/librenms-scheduler.service /opt/librenms/dist/librenms-scheduler.timer /etc/systemd/system/ systemctl enable librenms-scheduler.timer systemctl start librenms-scheduler.timer ``` #### **Copy logrotate config** ``` cp /opt/librenms/misc/librenms.logrotate /etc/logrotate.d/librenms ``` 瀏覽器`http://ip`，依序安裝後進行組態驗證 ``` cd /opt/librenms su librenms ./validate.php ``` #### **更新PHP8.5** **Debian 12官方套件只有到PHP8.2，加入第三方 PPA 來源來升級PHP** ``` apt update apt-get -y install lsb-release ca-certificates curl apt-transport-https curl -sSLo /tmp/debsuryorg-archive-keyring.deb https://packages.sury.org/debsuryorg-archive-keyring.deb dpkg -i /tmp/debsuryorg-archive-keyring.deb sh -c 'echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/deb.sury.org-php.gpg] https://packages.sury.org/php/ $(lsb_release -sc) main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/php.list' apt update ``` **自動查詢PHP 8.2套件並安裝對應的 PHP 8.5 套件，php8.5-opcache 已經被直接內建在 php8.5-common 核心套件中故排除即可** ``` apt install -y $(dpkg -l | grep php8.2- | grep -v 'opcache' | awk '{print $2}' | sed 's/php8.2/php8.5/g') ``` **切換系統預設 CLI 版本到 8.5，輸入8.5對應編號1** ``` update-alternatives --config php ``` ``` root@librenms:~# update-alternatives --config php There is 1 choice for the alternative php (providing /usr/bin/php). Selection Path Priority Status ------------------------------------------------------------ 0 /usr/bin/php8.5 85 auto mode * 1 /usr/bin/php8.5 85 manual mode ``` **確認版本** ``` root@librenms:~# php -v PHP 8.5.12 (cli) (built: Oct 21 2026 08:08:59) (NTS) Copyright (c) The PHP Group Built by Debian Zend Engine v4.5.12, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies with Zend OPcache v8.5.12, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies ``` **修改時區** ``` sed -i "s|^;date.timezone =.*$|date.timezone = Asia/Taipei|" /etc/php/8.5/fpm/php.ini sed -i "s|^;date.timezone =.*$|date.timezone = Asia/Taipei|" /etc/php/8.5/cli/php.ini 系統設定時區 timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Taipei ``` **修改PHP-FPM** ``` cp /etc/php/8.5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf /etc/php/8.5/fpm/pool.d/librenms.conf nano /etc/php/8.5/fpm/pool.d/librenms.conf ``` ``` Change [www] to [librenms]: [librenms] Change user and group to “librenms”: user = librenms group = librenms Change listen to a unique name: listen = /run/php-fpm-librenms.sock ``` ``` systemctl enable php8.5-fpm systemctl restart php8.5-fpm systemctl restart nginx ``` **確認PHP為8.5** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/scaled-1680-/nv6image.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/nv6image.png) **完整移除舊版本** ``` apt purge php8.2 php8.2-* apt autoremove --purge ``` # LibreNMS架設 - Ubuntu 20 #### **安裝環境** - **PVE** - **LXC** - **Ubuntu 20** #### **設定時區** ``` timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Taipei ``` #### **最新LibreNMS已強制要求>php8.1** ``` apt update apt install software-properties-common add-apt-repository universe apt install php-mbstring php8.1-cli php8.1-common php8.1-curl php8.1-fpm php8.1-gd php8.1-mbstring php8.1-mysql php8.1-opcache php8.1-readline php8.1-snmp php8.1-xml php8.1-zip acl curl fping git graphviz imagemagick mariadb-client mariadb-server mtr-tiny nginx-full nmap rrdtool snmp snmpd whois unzip python3-pymysql python3-dotenv python3-redis python3-setuptools python3-systemd python3-pip -y ```

php-mbstring未安裝會造成500 ERROR

#### **Add librenms user** ``` useradd librenms -d /opt/librenms -M -r -s "$(which bash)" ``` #### **Download LibreNMS** ``` cd /opt git clone https://github.com/librenms/librenms.git ``` #### **Set permissions** ``` chown -R librenms:librenms /opt/librenms chmod 771 /opt/librenms setfacl -d -m g::rwx /opt/librenms/rrd /opt/librenms/logs /opt/librenms/bootstrap/cache/ /opt/librenms/storage/ setfacl -R -m g::rwx /opt/librenms/rrd /opt/librenms/logs /opt/librenms/bootstrap/cache/ /opt/librenms/storage/ ``` #### **更改時區** ``` nano /etc/php/8.1/fpm/php.ini nano /etc/php/8.1/cli/php.ini 搜尋[Date] 把時區改為 Asia/Taipei ``` #### **修改MariaDB** ``` nano /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf Within the [mysqld] section add: innodb_file_per_table=1 lower_case_table_names=0 ``` ``` systemctl enable mariadb systemctl restart mariadb ``` ``` mysql -u root CREATE USER 'librenmsuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'librenmsuserpswd'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON librenms.* TO 'librenmsuser'@'localhost'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; exit ``` #### **修改PHP-FPM** ``` cp /etc/php/8.1/fpm/pool.d/www.conf /etc/php/8.1/fpm/pool.d/librenms.conf nano /etc/php/8.1/fpm/pool.d/librenms.conf Change [www] to [librenms]: [librenms] Change user and group to “librenms”: user = librenms group = librenms Change listen to a unique name: listen = /run/php-fpm-librenms.sock Configure Web Server ``` #### **建立librenms.conf** ``` nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/librenms.conf server { listen 80; server_name 127.0.0.1; root /opt/librenms/html; index index.php; charset utf-8; gzip on; gzip_types text/css application/javascript text/javascript application/x-javascript image/svg+xml text/plain text/xsd text/xsl text/xml image/x-icon; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string; } location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$) { fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm-librenms.sock; fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$; include fastcgi.conf; } location ~ /\.(?!well-known).* { deny all; } } ``` ``` rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default rm /etc/nginx/sites-available/default systemctl restart nginx systemctl restart php8.1-fpm ``` #### **Enable lnms command completion** ``` ln -s /opt/librenms/lnms /usr/bin/lnms cp /opt/librenms/misc/lnms-completion.bash /etc/bash_completion.d/ ``` #### **Configure snmpd** ``` cp /opt/librenms/snmpd.conf.example /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf curl -o /usr/bin/distro https://raw.githubusercontent.com/librenms/librenms-agent/master/snmp/distro chmod +x /usr/bin/distro systemctl enable snmpd systemctl restart snmpd ``` #### **Cron job** ``` cp /opt/librenms/librenms.nonroot.cron /etc/cron.d/librenms ``` #### **Copy logrotate config** ``` cp /opt/librenms/misc/librenms.logrotate /etc/logrotate.d/librenms ``` 瀏覽器`http://ip`，依序安裝後進行組態驗證 ``` cd /opt/librenms su librenms ./validate.php ``` # LibreNMS 警報相關設定 LibreNMS 警報相關設定 # LibreNMS LINE Messaging API 設定 ##### **運行環境** - **Librenms 25.9.0** ##### **LINE Messaging API 申請** **先在LINE Developers新增一個channel並選擇Messaging API** **[![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/scaled-1680-/lNtimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/lNtimage.png)** ##### **設定警報傳送** **Type選擇LINE Messaging API** **Access token輸入Channel access token** **userID輸入Channel 內的user ID** **[![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/scaled-1680-/e3Rimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/e3Rimage.png)** **設定好後點選右邊Test，LINE有出現測試訊息則成功** **[![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/scaled-1680-/qFkimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/qFkimage.png)** # LibreNMS Mdadm RAID監控警報 ##### **啟用Mdadm** **確認已安裝[Mdadm監控](https://note.homesitetw.com/books/librenms/page/librenms-mdadm-raid)** ##### **新增警報規則** **Severity:警報等級** **Max alert ：最多通知幾次** **Delay ：延遲多久再來通知** **Interval ：通知間隔** **Transports:選擇傳送類別** **範例監控RAID降級後1分鐘發出警報** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/scaled-1680-/K2Eimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/K2Eimage.png) ##### **新增警報範本** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/scaled-1680-/hunimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/hunimage.png) ``` {{ $alert->title }} 設備名稱: {{ $alert->display }} @if (!empty($alert->uptime_short)) 運行時間: {{ $alert->uptime_short }} @endif @if ($alert->state == 0) 持續時間: {{ $alert->elapsed }} 恢復時間: {{ $alert->timestamp }} @foreach ($alert->faults as $key => $value) 降級恢復RAID : {{ explode('_', $value['metric'])[0] }} @endforeach @else 告警時間: {{ $alert->timestamp }} @foreach ($alert->faults as $key => $value) 降級RAID : {{ explode('_', $value['metric'])[0] }} @endforeach @endif ``` ##### **測試** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/scaled-1680-/Y1Aimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/Y1Aimage.png) [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/scaled-1680-/B5Nimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/B5Nimage.png) # LibreNMS 硬碟使用率監控警報 ##### **新增警報規則** **範例監控"/"根目錄使用率超過80%** **Severity:警報等級** **Max alert ：最多通知幾次** **Delay ：延遲多久再來通知** **Interval ：通知間隔** **Transports:選擇傳送類別** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/scaled-1680-/sQDimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/sQDimage.png) ##### **新增警報範本** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/scaled-1680-/cPqimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/cPqimage.png) ``` {{ $alert->title }} 設備名稱: {{ $alert->sysName }} 等級: {{ $alert->severity }} 運行時間: {{ $alert->uptime_short }} 警示時間: {{ $alert->timestamp }} @foreach ($alert->faults as $key => $value) 硬碟名稱: {{ $value['storage_descr'] }} 目前硬碟使用率: {{ $value['storage_perc'] }} % @endforeach ``` ##### **測試** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/scaled-1680-/lKRimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/lKRimage.png) [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/scaled-1680-/bsGimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/bsGimage.png) # LibreNMS CPU使用率監控警報 ##### **新增警報規則** **Severity:警報等級** **Max alert ：最多通知幾次** **Delay ：延遲多久再來通知** **Interval ：通知間隔** **Transports:選擇傳送類別** **範例使用CPU>70%持續10分鐘發出警報** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/scaled-1680-/sUXimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/sUXimage.png) **由於多核心CPU預設一顆CPU觸發就會警報，故修改使用平均使用率計算** **官方解決範本[https://docs.librenms.org/Alerting/Rules/#advanced](https://docs.librenms.org/Alerting/Rules/#advanced)，不過有GROUP語法錯誤告警** **以下為自訂修改版本搭配警報範本使用，Override SQL記得開啟** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/scaled-1680-/image.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/image.png) ``` SELECT devices.device_id, devices.hostname, devices.status, devices.disabled, devices.ignore, AVG(processors.processor_usage) AS cpu_avg FROM devices INNER JOIN processors ON devices.device_id = processors.device_id WHERE devices.device_id = ? AND devices.status = 1 AND devices.disabled = 0 AND devices.ignore = 0 GROUP BY devices.device_id, devices.hostname, devices.status, devices.disabled, devices.ignore HAVING AVG(processors.processor_usage) > 70; ``` ##### **新增警報範本** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/scaled-1680-/BY5image.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/BY5image.png) ``` {{ $alert->title }} 設備名稱: {{ $alert->display }} @if (!empty($alert->uptime_short)) 運行時間: {{ $alert->uptime_short }} @endif @if ($alert->state == 0) 持續時間: {{ $alert->elapsed }} 恢復時間: {{ $alert->timestamp }} @else 告警時間: {{ $alert->timestamp }} @if ($alert->faults) @foreach ($alert->faults as $key => $value) 超過10分鐘CPU使用率: {{ (float)$value['cpu_avg'] }} % @endforeach @endif @endif ``` ##### **測試** **這裡先調成>1%做測試** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/scaled-1680-/tAaimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/tAaimage.png) [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/scaled-1680-/v5zimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/v5zimage.png) # LibreNMS ICMP 監控警報 #### **新增警報規則** **若ICMP 5分鐘沒恢復則發送告警** **Transport選擇要發送的位置** **若不選擇設備則預設全部設備套用** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-10/scaled-1680-/1ARimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-10/1ARimage.png) #### **新增警報範本** ``` {{ $alert->title }} 設備名稱: {{ $alert->display }} @if (!empty($alert->uptime_short)) 運行時間: {{ $alert->uptime_short }} @endif @if ($alert->state == 0) 持續時間: {{ $alert->elapsed }} 恢復時間: {{ $alert->timestamp }} @else 告警時間: {{ $alert->timestamp }} @endif ``` [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-10/scaled-1680-/jAjimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-10/jAjimage.png) #### **測試** **測試告警** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-10/scaled-1680-/Bjkimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-10/Bjkimage.png) # LibreNMS 自訂 LVM-Thin Pool 監控
**傳統 LVM： 當您建立傳統的 LV（Logical Volume）並格式化掛載（例如 `/dev/mapper/vg-lv` 掛載到 `/data`），它在作業系統中是一個標準的「掛載檔案系統」。LibreNMS 透過標準的 SNMP（HOST-RESOURCES-MIB）就能直接抓到這個掛載點的磁碟容量與使用率。**
**LVM-Thin Pool： LVM-Thin Pool 是一個「區塊層級的儲存池」（如 Proxmox VE 上的 `local-lvm`）。它本身沒有檔案系統，也沒有掛載到任何目錄上。因為它在系統中沒有 mount point，標準的 SNMP 走索引時根本看不到它，LibreNMS 自然就無法自動探索（Discovery）並畫出圖表。**
#### **建立SNMP Extend 腳本** **我的lvm-thin是使用USB外接硬碟，已經建立usb-lvm-thin** **建立`/etc/snmp/usb-lvm-thin`，usb-lvm-thin修改成自已的Thin Pool** ``` #!/bin/bash percent=$(sudo /sbin/lvdisplay -m usb-lvm-thin 2>/dev/null | /bin/grep "Allocated pool data" | /usr/bin/awk '{print $4}' | /bin/sed 's/[.].*$//') if [ -z "$percent" ]; then echo "0" else echo "$percent" fi ``` ``` chmod +x /etc/snmp/usb-lvm-thin ``` **新增`/etc/sudoers.d/snmpd-lvm`****，讓snmp能執行lvdisplay** ``` Debian-snmp ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /sbin/lvdisplay ``` **確認snmp程序能抓取資料** ``` su -s /bin/bash Debian-snmp -c "/etc/snmp/usb-lvm-thin" ``` `/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf`**新增extend** ``` extend lvmthin /etc/snmp/usb-lvm-thin ``` ``` service snmpd restart ``` #### **Custom OID設定** **確認已經建立OID，名稱統一為LVM-THIN，後續只要自訂LVM THIN OID都能統一套用** ``` NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendOutLine."lvmthin".1 ``` [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/scaled-1680-/t7oimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/t7oimage.png) **確認有顯示圖表** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/scaled-1680-/3Dfimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/3Dfimage.png) #### **建立警報規則** **選擇`Create rule from collection`，選擇`CustomOID over warning limit`** **Add rule放在上面，讓descr匹配LVM-THIN** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/scaled-1680-/lJ6image.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/lJ6image.png) #### **建立警報範本** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/scaled-1680-/E40image.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/E40image.png) ``` {{ $alert->title }} 設備名稱: {{ $alert->display }} @if (!empty($alert->uptime_short)) 運行時間: {{ $alert->uptime_short }} @endif @if ($alert->state == 0) 持續時間: {{ $alert->elapsed }} 恢復時間: {{ $alert->timestamp }} @else 告警時間: {{ $alert->timestamp }} @if ($alert->faults) @foreach ($alert->faults as $key => $value) 超過告警值: {{ $value['customoid_limit_warn'] }} % 硬碟名稱: {{ $value['customoid_descr'] }} 使用率: {{ $value['customoid_current'] }} % @endforeach @endif @endif ``` [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/scaled-1680-/r0eimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/r0eimage.png) [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/scaled-1680-/cZbimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/cZbimage.png) # LibreNMS 自訂CPU溫度監控警報 #### **自訂OID** **確認已經建立OID，名稱統一為CPU溫度，後續只要自訂CPU 監控OID都能統一套用** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/scaled-1680-/pa8image.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/pa8image.png) #### **建立警報規則** **選擇`Create rule from collection`，選擇`CustomOID over warning limit`** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/scaled-1680-/6m9image.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/6m9image.png) **Add rule放在上面，讓descr匹配CPU溫度** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/scaled-1680-/ecOimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/ecOimage.png) #### **建立警報範本** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/scaled-1680-/EApimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/EApimage.png) ``` {{ $alert->title }} 設備名稱: {{ $alert->display }} @if (!empty($alert->uptime_short)) 運行時間: {{ $alert->uptime_short }} @endif @if ($alert->state == 0) 持續時間: {{ $alert->elapsed }} 恢復時間: {{ $alert->timestamp }} @else 告警時間: {{ $alert->timestamp }} @if ($alert->faults) @foreach ($alert->faults as $key => $value) 超過告警值: {{ $value['customoid_limit_warn'] }} °C {{ $value['customoid_descr'] }} 溫度: {{ $value['customoid_current'] }} °C @endforeach @endif @endif ``` **此為通用範例自行修改** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/scaled-1680-/GoAimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/GoAimage.png) [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/scaled-1680-/8ncimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/8ncimage.png) # LibreNMS 外部整合 # LibreNMS Smokeping 安裝設定

**SmokePing為開源的網路品質監控專案，LibreNMS可整合Smokeping方便監測設備**

##### **安裝Smokeping** **下載Smokeping** ``` apt-get install smokeping ``` **複製Librenms smokeping腳本到cron** ``` sudo cp /opt/librenms/misc/smokeping-debian.example /etc/cron.hourly/librenms-smokeping sudo chmod +x /etc/cron.hourly/librenms-smokeping ``` **手動執行cron一次並確認有建立檔案** ``` /etc/cron.hourly/librenms-smokeping ls -l /etc/smokeping/config.d/librenms-targets.conf ls -l /etc/smokeping/config.d/librenms-probes.conf ``` **[![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-11/scaled-1680-/Zzvimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-11/Zzvimage.png)** **刪除`/etc/smokeping/config.d/Probes`內容並新增以下** ``` *** Probes *** @include /etc/smokeping/config.d/librenms-probes.conf ``` **刪除`/etc/smokeping/config.d/Targets`內容並新增以下** ``` *** Targets *** probe = FPing menu = Top title = Network Latency Grapher remark = Welcome to the SmokePing website of Insert Company Name Here. \ Here you will learn all about the latency of our network. @include /etc/smokeping/config.d/librenms-targets.conf ``` **建立Smokeping資料儲存位置** ``` mkdir /opt/librenms/rrd/smokeping ``` **由於Smokeping執行會無法寫入`/opt/librenms/rrd/smokeping`** **須將smokeping加入librenms群組對`/opt/librenms/rrd/smokeping`可讀寫** ``` chown librenms:librenms /opt/librenms/rrd/smokeping usermod -a -G librenms smokeping ``` **網頁上設定剛剛建立的目錄，並設定每次測試發 20 個封包** **[![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-11/scaled-1680-/jR6image.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-11/jR6image.png)** **編輯`/etc/smokeping/config.d/Database`，修改step改為每分鐘做一次測試(預設5分鐘)** **[![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-11/scaled-1680-/N53image.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-11/N53image.png)** **編輯`/etc/smokeping/config.d/pathnames`，datadir 改為上面新增的目錄** **[![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-11/scaled-1680-/ULsimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-11/ULsimage.png)** **重啟smokeping** ``` service smokeping restart service smokeping status ``` **確認Librenms RRD內的smokeping已有資料** **[![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-11/scaled-1680-/QUyimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-11/QUyimage.png)** **網頁上Latency內已有smokeping數值** **[![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-11/scaled-1680-/ouIimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-11/ouIimage.png)** ##### **網頁 Web UI 設定** **安裝 fcgiwrap 才能使 CGI 包裝器與 Nginx 互動** ``` apt install fcgiwrap ``` **編輯`/etc/nginx/conf.d/librenms.conf`設定檔加入smokeping設定** ``` # Browsing to `http://yourlibrenms/smokeping/` should bring up the smokeping web interface location = /smokeping/ { fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/lib/cgi-bin/smokeping.cgi; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; fastcgi_param HTTPS $https if_not_empty; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket; } location ^~ /smokeping/ { alias /usr/share/smokeping/www/; index smokeping.cgi; gzip off; } ``` **重啟Nginx** ``` nginx -t service nginx restart ``` **網頁上URL填入`/smokeping`** **[![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-11/scaled-1680-/H2Nimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-11/H2Nimage.png)** **重整網頁後選擇`工具`>`smokeping`** `image.png` **[![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-11/scaled-1680-/J4dimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-11/J4dimage.png)** ##### **自訂監控設定** **安裝好Web UI後顯示的是Librenms監控的設備清單，可自行加入host監控** **編輯`/etc/smokeping/config.d/Targets`，新增自訂監控設定** ``` @include /etc/smokeping/config.d/custom.conf ``` **編輯`/etc/smokeping/config.d/custom.conf`，加入想要監控的host** ``` + Others menu = Others title = Others ++ GoogleDNS menu = Google DNS title = Google DNS host = 8.8.8.8 ++ CHTDNS menu = CHT DNS title = CHT DNS host = 168.95.1.1 ``` **確認設定正確後重啟服務** ``` smokeping --check service smokeping restart ``` **網頁上即可看到剛剛新增的host** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-11/scaled-1680-/buDimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-11/buDimage.png) ##### **自訂Probes** **除了內建使用fping，也可以下載Github上的[tcpping](https://github.com/deajan/tcpping "tcpping")，使用traceroute和tcptraceroute的命令，增加TCP PORT的監控** ``` curl -o /usr/bin/tcpping -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/deajan/tcpping/master/tcpping chmod +x /usr/bin/tcpping ``` **測試tcpping正常** ``` root@librenms:~# tcpping google.com 443 seq 0: tcp response from nctsaa-ac-in-f14.1e100.net (142.250.196.206) 7.402 ms seq 1: tcp response from hkg07s38-in-f14.1e100.net (142.250.204.46) 7.545 ms seq 2: tcp response from lctsaa-aa-in-f14.1e100.net (142.250.66.78) 7.399 ms ``` **預設情況下，traceroute 需要 root 權限，所以要允許smokeping使用traceroute** **建立`/etc/tcpping.conf`設定檔，並加入`-Z`參數(使用sudo)** ``` TCPPING_EXTRA_ARGS="-Z" ``` **執行`visudo`，讓 smokeping 以 root 身分執行 traceroute 無須密碼** ``` smokeping ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/traceroute ``` **編輯`/etc/smokeping/config.d/Probes`，增加tcpping** ``` + TCPPing binary = /usr/bin/tcpping ``` [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-11/scaled-1680-/3Znimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-11/3Znimage.png) **在監控設定檔內新增需要的host並指定probe和port** ``` ++ Google-https menu = Google https title = Google https probe = TCPPing port = 443 host = google.com ``` **重啟smokeping後可以看到probe使用TCP Ping** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-11/scaled-1680-/CCyimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-11/CCyimage.png) # LibreNMS 應用程式設定 LibreNMS 應用程式設定 # LibreNMS Mdadm RAID監控 **使LibreNMS可監控Mdadm RAID狀態** **安裝jq套件** ``` apt install jq ``` **下載mdadm script** ``` wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/librenms/librenms-agent/master/snmp/mdadm -O /etc/snmp/mdadm ``` ``` chmod +x /etc/snmp/mdadm ``` **確認可執行** ``` root@LS-WVL885:~# /etc/snmp/mdadm {"data":[{"name":"md0","level":"raid1","size":999227392,"disc_count":2," ``` **編輯`/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf`** **extend擴展記得included .1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.1.3** ``` extend mdadm /etc/snmp/mdadm ``` ``` service snmpd restart ``` **確認snmpwalk可以抓到mdadm** ``` jason@test:~$ snmpwalk -v2c -c public 192.168.1.1 .1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.1.3 NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendNumEntries.0 = INTEGER: 2 NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendCommand."mdadm" = STRING: /etc/snmp/mdadm NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendOutput1Line."mdadm" = STRING: {"data":[{"name":"md0","level":"raid1... ``` **LibreNMS內應用程式會自動開啟Mdadm** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/scaled-1680-/XQSimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/XQSimage.png) **應用程式有RAID狀態** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/scaled-1680-/xxwimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/xxwimage.png) # LibreNMS SMART 監控 #### **安裝 SMART SNMP Extend** **安裝套件 Debian/Ubuntu** ``` apt-get install smartmontools libjson-perl libmime-base64-perl ``` ``` wget https://github.com/librenms/librenms-agent/raw/master/snmp/smart-v1 -O /etc/snmp/smart ``` ``` chmod +x /etc/snmp/smart ``` **查詢硬碟** ``` fdisk -l | grep "Disk /dev" ``` [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-10/scaled-1680-/D8Simage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-10/D8Simage.png) **建立設定檔`/etc/snmp/smart.config`，將須監控硬碟代號填入，useSN=1顯示硬碟型號 0為不顯示** ``` cache=/var/cache/smart smartctl=/usr/bin/env smartctl useSN=1 sda sdb ``` **確認執行有建立快取檔** ``` /etc/snmp/smart -u cat /var/cache/smart ``` [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-10/scaled-1680-/3xsimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-10/3xsimage.png) **新增snmp smart擴充，編輯`/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf`** ``` 新增 extend smart /bin/cat /var/cache/smart.snmp ``` **重啟Snmp** ``` systemctl restart snmpd ``` #### **Librenms 設定** **在網頁上選取設備的應用程式開啟SMART服務** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-10/scaled-1680-/IcIimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-10/IcIimage.png) **下次輪巡就會出現SMART資訊** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-10/scaled-1680-/HOZimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-10/HOZimage.png) #### **排程設定** **Crontab新增每5分鐘執行一次，這樣librenms只讀取快取檔不會受硬碟速度影響效能** ``` */5 * * * * /etc/snmp/smart -u ``` **可新增自我檢測，這裡範例每週一與週四的晚上 11 點 00 分執行短檢測** ``` 0 23 * * 1,4 /etc/snmp/smart -t short > /dev/null 2>&1 ``` #### **問題排除** **後續發現`/var/cache/smart`沒有資料** ``` root@LS-WVL885:~# cat /var/cache/smart {"data":{"dev_error":0,"disks":{},"exit_nonzero":2,"unhealthy":0,"useSN":"1"},"error":0,"errorString":"","version":1} ``` **原因是crontab執行環境找不到smartctl** ``` root@LS-WVL885:~# env -i PATH=/usr/bin:/bin /etc/snmp/smart -u/usr/bin/env: 'smartctl': No such file or directory/usr/bin/env: 'smartctl': No such file or directory ``` **which smartctl找出路徑後修改`/etc/snmp/smart.config`** ``` smartctl=/usr/sbin/smartctl ``` # LibreNMS 被監控設備SNMP設定 #### **於被監控的主機上安裝Snmpd** ``` apt install snmpd -y ```

某些 Linux 發行版不會在SNMP中取得正確版本訊息，透過 LibreNMS 提供的 Distro 工具取得正確版本訊息

``` curl -o /usr/bin/distro https://raw.githubusercontent.com/librenms/librenms-agent/master/snmp/distro chmod +x /usr/bin/distro ``` #### **設定Snmpd** 編輯`/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf` ``` agentAddress udp:192.168.0.1:161 view systemview included .1.3.6.1.2.1.1 view systemview included .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021 view systemview included .1.3.6.1.2.1.25 view systemview excluded .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.13.16 view systemview included .1.3.6.1.2.1.2 view systemview included .1.3.6.1.2.1.31 extend .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.7890.1 distro /usr/bin/distro rocommunity nms 192.168.0.10/32 -V systemview includeAllDisks 10% load 12 10 5 ``` **以下為第二種extend設定，GPT回答** **你看到的「`extend .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.7890.x ...`」是 早期的寫法，因為：** 1. **舊版 SNMP / LibreNMS agent 腳本** **以前大家習慣把 extend 掛在 `.1.3.6.1.4.1.2021`（UCD-SNMP-MIB），這個 MIB 原本就有 CPU/Mem/Load，大家直接沿用。** 2. **相容性考量** **舊的監控系統（Cacti、Nagios plugins）或舊版 LibreNMS，預設就是去 `.2021.7890.x` 找。這樣寫不用改 view，裝好就能抓到。** 3. **官方後來才引入 NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB** **新版 net-snmp (`5.4+`) 支援 `extend `，會自動掛到 `.1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.1.3`。** **這才是「標準化」的做法，也比較乾淨。** ``` view systemview included .1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.1.3 extend distro /usr/bin/distro ``` #### **基本設定說明** ``` snmpd在本機192.168.0.1監聽 允許監控項目 .1.3.6.1.2.1.1 系統資訊 .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021 CPU 使用率、記憶體、磁碟使用等 .1.3.6.1.2.1.25 儲存設備、處理器資訊 .1.3.6.1.2.1.2 網路卡（interface）的資訊，如流量、狀態 .1.3.6.1.2.1.31 提供進階網路介面統計資訊，如 64-bit 流量統計 excluded .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.13.16 包含禁用 sensors 偵測，如用LXC避免可顯示實體主機的 sensors資訊 .1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.1.3 NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB擴充 extend distro /usr/bin/distro 將/usr/bin/distro資訊回報 社群名稱為 nms 限定librenms主機 192.168.0.10 可讀取 includeAllDisks 10% 監控磁碟空間使用率 load 12 10 5 設定系統負載平均值的門檻 ``` 於Librenms加入設備後，發現設備時Operating System會顯示詳細版本資訊 [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-06/scaled-1680-/image.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-06/image.png) # LibreNMS 掃描自動新增設備 **於/opt/librenms/config.php設定** ``` $config['discovery_by_ip'] = true; ### Auto Discovery Support $config['snmp']['community'][] = "JCE"; #community設定 $config['nets'][] = "10.166.0.0/24"; #網段或ip設定 $config['nets'][] = "10.166.64.0/24"; $config['nets'][] = "10.166.128.0/24"; $config['nets'][] = "10.166.192.0/24"; ``` ``` root@librenms:~$ su librenms #切換librenms使用者 librenms@librenms:~$ ./snmp-scan.py #執行script ``` # LibreNMS SNMP trap 設定 ##### **運行環境** - **PVE** - **LXC** - **Debian 12** ##### **安裝snmptrapd** ``` apt install snmptrapd -y ``` ##### **設定** **編輯`/etc/snmp/snmptrapd.conf`，新增以下** ``` disableAuthorization yes authCommunity log,execute,net COMMUNITYSTRING traphandle default /opt/librenms/snmptrap.php ``` **確認snmptrapd系統服務位置** **[![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-08/scaled-1680-/image.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-08/image.png)** **修改`/lib/systemd/system/snmptrapd.service`** ``` [Unit] Description=Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Trap Daemon. After=network.target ConditionPathExists=/etc/snmp/snmptrapd.conf [Service] Environment="MIBSDIR=/opt/librenms/mibs" Type=simple ExecStart=/usr/sbin/snmptrapd -f -m IF-MIB -M /opt/librenms/mibs ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target ``` **重啟服務** ``` systemctl daemon-reload systemctl enable snmptrapd systemctl restart snmptrapd ``` ##### **測試** **Client發送eth0 down** ``` snmptrap -v 2c -c public 192.168.100.1 '' .1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.3 .1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.1 i 2 .1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2 s "eth0" .1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.7 i 1 .1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.8 i 2 ``` **確認網頁有收到TRAP** **[![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-08/scaled-1680-/evuimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-08/evuimage.png)** **[https://docs.librenms.org/Extensions/SNMP-Trap-Handler/#option-1](https://docs.librenms.org/Extensions/SNMP-Trap-Handler/#option-1)** # LibreNMS 自訂Custom OID **因LS-WVL SNMP無溫度輸出，使用自訂Custom OID紀錄溫度** **`/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp`為LS-WVL溫度值** **編輯`/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf`** ****extend擴展記得included .1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.1.3**** ``` extend cpuTemp /bin/awk '{printf "%.2f",$1/1000}' /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp ``` **確認snmpwalk可以抓到cpuTemp** ``` jason@test:~$ snmpwalk -v2c -c public 192.168.1.1 .1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.1.3 ... NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendOutLine."cpuTemp".1 = STRING: 54.31 ``` **新增Custom OID** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/scaled-1680-/bpbimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/bpbimage.png) **圖表紀錄** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/scaled-1680-/rb4image.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-09/rb4image.png) # LibreNMS 修改設備IP **在 LibreNMS 中更改已纳管設備的 IP 地址（同時保留歷史繪圖與設定），最正規的做法是使用內建的 `renamehost.php` 工具能完美保留 RRD 歷史圖表** ``` cd /opt/librenms ./renamehost.php old_ip new_ip ``` **更改的設備Snmp若有監聽指定IP記得修改** `/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf` ``` agentAddress udp:new_ip:161 ``` # LibreNMS 轉發網頁IP帶PORT **librenms架在路由器後方需要轉送並帶PORT** **在librenms主機的nginx裡新增`fastcgi_param HTTP_HOST $http_host;`** **location ~ \[^/\]\\.php(/|$) { fastcgi\_param SCRIPT\_FILENAME $document\_root$fastcgi\_script\_name; fastcgi\_param PATH\_INFO $fastcgi\_path\_info; fastcgi\_pass unix:/run/php-fpm-librenms.sock; fastcgi\_split\_path\_info ^(.+\\.php)(/.+)$; include fastcgi\_params; fastcgi\_param HTTP\_HOST $http\_host; }** **輸入路由器IP+PORT就能成功顯示** [![image.png](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/scaled-1680-/RWhimage.png)](https://note.homesitetw.com/uploads/images/gallery/2026-11/RWhimage.png)