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NGINX 搭配Let’s Encrypt Certbot自動更新SSL憑證

運行環境

  • Ubuntu 22.04

下載certbot

apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx
certbot certonly --nginx -d your_frontend_fqdn

輸入電子郵件用於通知

成功取得SSL憑證

Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
Requesting a certificate for your_frontend_fqdn

Successfully received certificate.
Certificate is saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/your_frontend_fqdn/fullchain.pem
Key is saved at:         /etc/letsencrypt/live/your_frontend_fqdn/privkey.pem

修改Nginx設定

listen 443 ssl;
        ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/your_frontend_fqdn/fullchain.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/your_frontend_fqdn/privkey.pem;
nginx -t
systemctl restart nginx

登入網站確認可使用https瀏覽

測試憑證

#手動更新憑證
certbot renew   
#測試更新憑證
certbot renew --dry-run
#確認憑證狀態
certbot certificates

使用CertBot 自動更新憑證

確認certbot.timer是否有啟動

systemctl status certbot.timer

編輯/lib/systemd/system/certbot.service，修改ExecStart

[Unit]
Description=Certbot
Documentation=file:///usr/share/doc/python-certbot-doc/html/index.html
Documentation=https://certbot.eff.org/docs
[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/bin/certbot -q renew --post-hook "systemctl reload nginx"
PrivateTmp=true
systemctl start certbot.service

如無錯誤訊息代表設定成功

user@nginx-proxy:~#  service certbot status
* certbot.service - Certbot
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/certbot.service; static)
     Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2025-07-17 15:30:48 CST; 11min ago
TriggeredBy: * certbot.timer
       Docs: file:///usr/share/doc/python-certbot-doc/html/index.html
             https://certbot.eff.org/docs
    Process: 3737646 ExecStart=/usr/bin/certbot -q renew --post-hook systemctl reload nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 3737646 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
        CPU: 8.533s

Jul 17 15:28:06 nginx-proxy systemd[1]: Starting Certbot...
Jul 17 15:30:48 nginx-proxy systemd[1]: certbot.service: Deactivated successfully.
Jul 17 15:30:48 nginx-proxy systemd[1]: Finished Certbot.
Jul 17 15:30:48 nginx-proxy systemd[1]: certbot.service: Consumed 8.533s CPU time.
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